1907 Atlantic hurricane season

1907 Atlantic hurricane season
First storm formed June 24, 1907
Last storm dissipated November 12, 1907
Strongest storm One – 65 mph (100 km/h)
Total depressions 5
Total storms 5
Hurricanes 0 (record low – tied)
Major hurricanes (Cat. 3+) 0 (record low – tied)
Total fatalities None
Total damage Unknown
Atlantic hurricane seasons
1905, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909

The 1907 Atlantic hurricane season ran through the summer and the first half of fall in 1907. The season was a very quiet with only five tropical storms forming, with none of them reaching hurricane strength. This feat has only been accomplished one other season, the 1914 season. The Accumulated Cyclone Energy figure of 13 ranks this as the second most inactive season since 1900 (behind the 1914 season).

Contents

Background

Prior to the advent of modern tropical cyclone tracking technology, notably satellite imagery, many hurricanes that did not affect land directly went unnoticed, and storms that did affect land were not recognized until their onslaught. As a result, information on older hurricane seasons was often incomplete. Modern-day efforts have been made and are still ongoing to reconstruct the tracks of known hurricanes and to identify initially undetected storms. In many cases, the only evidence that a hurricane existed was reports from ships in its path, and judging by the direction of winds experienced by ships, and their location in relation to the storm, it is possible to roughly pinpoint the storm's center of circulation for a given point in time. This is the manner in which all of the eleven known storms in the 1907 season were identified by hurricane expert José Fernández-Partagás's reanalysis of hurricane seasons between 1851 and 1910. Partagás also extended the known tracks of three other hurricanes previously identified by scholars. The information Partagás and his colleague uncovered was largely adopted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic hurricane reanalysis in their updates to the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT), with some slight adjustments. HURDAT is the official source for such hurricane data as track and intensity, although due to a sparsity of available records at the time the storms existed, listings on some storms are incomplete.[1][2]

Although extrapolated peak maximum sustained winds based on whatever reports are available exist for every storm in 1907, estimated minimum central barometric air pressure listings are only present for the three storms that made landfall in the United States.[3] As the three landfalling storms progressed inland, information on their meteorological demise was limited. As a result, the intensity of these storms after landfall and until dissipation is based on an inland decay model developed in 1995 to predict the deterioration of inland hurricanes.[2]

Storms

Tropical Storm One

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration June 24 – June 29
Intensity 65 mph (100 km/h) (1-min),  Unknown

The first identified tropical storm of the season is listed in the Atlantic hurricane database as a tropical storm on June 24, positioned in the western Caribbean Sea;[1] the estimate for this location was based on ship reports, although the information was insufficient to guarantee an accurate position.[4] It initially meandered west-northwestward, though began to turn northwest during the latter half of following day. Late on June 26, it passed between the Yucatán Peninsula and Cuba, and subsequently entered the Gulf of Mexico shortly thereafter. The tropical storm continued to slowly intensify, but then started to make sharp curve northeast on June 28.[1]

The depression traveled east-northeastward along the Gulf Coast of the United States, and eventually made landfall on the Florida panhandle early on June 29. It weakened slightly as it traversed inland, and entered the Atlantic Ocean just offshore Georgia during the morning. At this point, the storm attained its peak intensity of 65 mph (100 km/h), though it transitioned into an extratropical cyclone within the six hours that followed.[1] Late during the day, the extratropical storm reached New Jersey, and entered Maine on June 30.[4] The 2005 reanalysis made only minor adjustments to the storm's intensity and track created by Partagás and Diaz, which included moving the point of landfall westward and increasing windspeeds on June 29 based on readings received in Jacksonville, Florida.[5]

Tropical Storm Two

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration September 18 – September 22
Intensity 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min),  Unknown

Based on data from historical weather maps, lower-atmospheric flow, likely eastward-moving, was present between September 16 and 17, though a closed circulation did not appear to be present.[6] On September 18, the system developed into tropical depression between the Bahamas and Florida while it moved west-northwestward. After swiftly crossing the southern portion of the state, it strengthened into a tropical storm on September 19 over the southeastern Gulf of Mexico, and attained its peak intensity early during September 20. It began turning north on September 21, and made landfall on the Mississippi coast on September 22. The storm weakened as it moved inland, and curved east-northeast later during that day, only to transition into an extratropical cyclone shortly thereafter. The storm lost its identity over Virginia on September 23.[1] As there were no reports of strong winds near the point of landfall, Partagás had doubt as to whether or not this storm was a tropical storm, as the most intense winds were recorded when the system was classified as extratropical.[7]

Tropical Storm Three

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration September 27 – September 30
Intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min),  Unknown

A tropical storm was first observed in the Bay of Campeche on September 27. It moved quickly to the northeast, and reached winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) before making landfall on the Florida Panhandle on September 28. It crossed Florida and southeastern Georgia, and became extratropical off the coast of North Carolina on September 29. The storm lost its identity shortly thereafter.

Tropical Storm Four

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration October 17 – October 20
Intensity 50 mph (85 km/h) (1-min),  Unknown

A tropical storm was first observed to the southwest of Bermuda on October 17. It moved eastward then northeastward, reaching winds of 50 mph (80 km/h) before becoming extratropical on October 19.

Tropical Storm Five

Tropical storm (SSHS)
Duration November 6 – November 12
Intensity 45 mph (75 km/h) (1-min),  Unknown

The final storm of the season was first observed a few hundred miles to the southwest of the Azores on November 6. It initially moved south-southwestward, though turned to the west on November 7 and to the northwest on November 8. After moving to the north-northwest for several days, the storm turned to the northeast, and became extratropical on November 12.

Notes

See also

References